洗牌算法:

Fisher-Yates洗牌算法是一种简单有效的算法，用于以随机顺序洗牌一组项。算法原理如下:

• 从集合的最后一个元素开始，并与集合中的一个随机元素(包括它本身)交换它。

• 在集合中向后移动并重复第1步，直到到达第一个元素。

• 该算法保证集合中的每个项目都将以相等的概率进行洗牌。

下面是一个Java彩票程序的实现，它允许你通过指定每个奖品的中奖几率来控制中奖概率:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class Lottery {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> prizes = new ArrayList<>();
        prizes.add("First prize");
        prizes.add("Second prize");
        prizes.add("Third prize");
        int[] odds = {1, 2, 5}; // odds of winning each prize

        String winner = draw(prizes, odds);
        System.out.println("The winner is: " + winner);
    }

    public static String draw(List<String> prizes, int[] odds) {
        List<String> pool = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < prizes.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < odds[i]; j++) {
                pool.add(prizes.get(i));
            }
        }

        Random rand = new Random();
        int index = rand.nextInt(pool.size());
        return pool.get(index);
    }
}

在这个实现中，您可以指定奖品列表和每个奖品的中奖几率。draw方法根据中奖几率创建一个条目池，并从池中随机选择一个获胜者。

下面是同一个程序在c#中的实现:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Lottery {
    static void Main() {
        List<string> prizes = new List<string>();
        prizes.Add("First prize");
        prizes.Add("Second prize");
        prizes.Add("Third prize");
        int[] odds = {1, 2, 5}; // odds of winning each prize

        string winner = Draw(prizes, odds);
        Console.WriteLine("The winner is: " + winner);
    }

    static string Draw(List<string> prizes, int[] odds) {
        List<string> pool = new List<string>();
        for (int i = 0; i < prizes.Count; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < odds[i]; j++) {
                pool.Add(prizes[i]);
            }
        }

        Random rand = new Random();
        int index = rand.Next(pool.Count);
        return pool[index];
    }
}

这个实现非常类似于Java实现，但是使用c#中的List类。注意，与Java相比，c#中声明和使用列表和for循环的语法略有不同。

Shuffling Algorithm:

The Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm is a simple and efficient algorithm used to shuffle a collection of items in a random order. The algorithm works as follows:

Start with the last element of the collection and swap it with a random element from the collection (including itself).
Move backwards in the collection and repeat step 1 until you reach the first element.
This algorithm guarantees that each item in the collection will be shuffled with an equal probability.

Lottery Program:

Here’s an implementation of a lottery program in Java that allows you to control the probability of winning by specifying the odds of winning for each prize:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class Lottery {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> prizes = new ArrayList<>();
        prizes.add("First prize");
        prizes.add("Second prize");
        prizes.add("Third prize");
        int[] odds = {1, 2, 5}; // odds of winning each prize

        String winner = draw(prizes, odds);
        System.out.println("The winner is: " + winner);
    }

    public static String draw(List<String> prizes, int[] odds) {
        List<String> pool = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < prizes.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < odds[i]; j++) {
                pool.add(prizes.get(i));
            }
        }

        Random rand = new Random();
        int index = rand.nextInt(pool.size());
        return pool.get(index);
    }
}

In this implementation, you can specify the list of prizes and the odds of winning for each prize. The draw method creates a pool of entries based on the odds of winning and randomly selects a winner from the pool.

And here’s an implementation of the same program in C#:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Lottery {
    static void Main() {
        List<string> prizes = new List<string>();
        prizes.Add("First prize");
        prizes.Add("Second prize");
        prizes.Add("Third prize");
        int[] odds = {1, 2, 5}; // odds of winning each prize

        string winner = Draw(prizes, odds);
        Console.WriteLine("The winner is: " + winner);
    }

    static string Draw(List<string> prizes, int[] odds) {
        List<string> pool = new List<string>();
        for (int i = 0; i < prizes.Count; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < odds[i]; j++) {
                pool.Add(prizes[i]);
            }
        }

        Random rand = new Random();
        int index = rand.Next(pool.Count);
        return pool[index];
    }
}

This implementation is very similar to the Java implementation, but uses the List class in C# instead. Note that the syntax for declaring and using lists and for loops is slightly different in C# compared to Java.